Forgetfulness and older adults: concept analysis.

AIM This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of forgetfulness as it applies to older adults. BACKGROUND Perceived increases in forgetfulness cause much distress for older adults due to the stigma associated with memory loss and dementia. The difference between forgetfulness in a healthy ageing state and memory loss associated with cognitive impairment requires clarification for nurses involved in screening and caring for older adults. DATA SOURCES Literature for this concept analysis was obtained by searches of CINAHL, EMBASE and Internurse covering the years 1962-2009, as well as gerontology textbooks. REVIEW METHODS The evolutionary method of Rodgers was the framework for the concept analysis. RESULTS As we age there is a slight increase in occasions of forgetfulness (particularly remembering to do things in the near future) that can be offset by limiting distractions and enhancing focus. This is contrasted with forgetfulness patterns, also more likely as we age, that are indicative of disease processes. Older adults' awareness of their own forgetfulness has the potential to cause fear, embarrassment, anger and/or low self-esteem. CONCLUSION It is important to avoid labelling or dismissal of concerns related to forgetfulness in older adults. Further research, with an emphasis on the choice of assessment tool, is recommended to investigate the benefits of nurse-led population screening for memory deficits in older adults. Nurses require training in assessment of memory and access to adequate referral pathways if abnormal results are uncovered.